МОРФОЛОГІЯ ЧОЛОВІЧИХ ЧЕРЕПІВ XVII–XVIII СТ. ІЗ БАТУРИНА
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33989/2021.7.2.261558Ключові слова:
краніометрія, фізична антропологія, місто, Батурин, XVII–XVIII ст., черепа чоловіків, морфологіяАнотація
Матеріал і методи. Статтю присвячено публікації та порівняльному аналізу чоловічої краніологічної серії XVII–XVIII ст. з міста Батурин, знайденої під час розкопок В. П. Коваленка, О. Б. Коваленка, Ю. М. Ситого, В.І. Мезенцева, В. Скорохода, 2005–2015 рр. на території Фортеці (собор Животворної Трійці) та в перевідкладеннях. У роботі використано комп’ютерні програми, які створили Б.О. й О. Г. Козінцеви 1991 р. Залучено 14 краніометричних ознак за Р. Мартіном.
Мета роботи – ввести в науковий обіг новий матеріал і визначити місце краніологічної серії серед відомих антропологічних типів. Для цього дати загальну морфологічну характеристику чоловікам з Батурина XVII–XVIII ст. на тлі суміжних етнічних груп України та Східної Європи (синхроністичний метод), визначити відстані між окремими серіями XII–XІX ст. за допомогою багатовимірного канонічного та кластерного аналізу й з’ясувати місце чоловіків з Батурина в системі краніологічних типів Східної Європи.
Результати. Вперше було створено загальну чоловічу серію з Батурина XVII–XVIII ст., до якої залучено 74 черепа. Застосувавши порівняння квадратичних відхилень 69 основних ознак та індексів чоловічих черепів із Батурина зі стандартними, можна припустити, що досліджувана вибірка неоднорідна за складом. При порівнянні чоловічої досліджуваної групи XVII–XVIII ст. з синхронними та більш ранніми серіями XII–XІX ст. зі Східної, Центральної та Західної Європи методом багатовимірного канонічного та кластерного аналізу відзначено її найбільшу подібність до міських черепів з київського Подолу.
Висновки. Згідно з середніми значеннями краніометричних ознак, чоловічу групу можна віднести до центральноукраїнського антропологічного типу в зв’язку з брахікранною черепною коробкою, відносно широким обличчям та великим кутом випинання носових кісток.
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